{"id":261,"date":"2026-08-01T04:37:36","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T02:37:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/?page_id=261"},"modified":"2026-08-31T00:44:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T22:44:18","slug":"articulos-y-experimentos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/articulos-y-experimentos\/","title":{"rendered":"Articulos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Art\u00edculos Cient\u00edficos <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Art\u00edculos cient\u00edficos publicados por los socios. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>\n  .pub-card-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; background-color: #e2e8f0; border-radius: 16px; padding: 30px; gap: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); border: none !important; outline: none !important; }\n  .pub-card-img { flex: 1 1 280px; max-width: 340px; }\n  .pub-card-img img { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); display: block; }\n  .pub-card-content { flex: 2 1 360px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; }\n  .pub-badge-tag { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; padding: 6px 16px; border-radius: 20px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.8px; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 14px; display: inline-block; }\n  .pub-card-title { font-size: 24px; color: #1e293b; margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.25; }\n  .pub-card-authors { font-size: 14.5px; color: #334155; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 14px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }\n  .pub-card-abstract { font-size: 15px; color: #475569; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0 0 22px 0; }\n  .pub-card-button { border: 2px solid #0b3c5d; background-color: transparent; color: #0b3c5d; padding: 10px 22px; border-radius: 30px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; transition: all 0.25s ease; }\n  .pub-card-button:hover { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; }\n  @media (max-width: 768px) { .pub-card-container { padding: 20px; gap: 20px; } .pub-card-img { max-width: 100%; } .pub-card-title { font-size: 20px; } }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"pub-card-container\">\n  <div class=\"pub-card-img\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/art1.jpg\" alt=\"Portada Effect of silica fume\">\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"pub-card-content\">\n    <span class=\"pub-badge-tag\">ELSEVIER<\/span>\n    \n    <h2 class=\"pub-card-title\">Effect of silica fume and water-to-binder ratio on workability, strength, and CO\u2082 emissions of cement pastes: A response surface methodology approach<\/h2>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-authors\">\ud83d\udc65 Melissa Cindy Merino Llaves, Erick Alexander Torrez Real, Joel Gerson Peredo Villarroel, Hugo Nicolas Callao Corrales, Romildo Dias Toledo Filho, Joaquin Humberto Aquino Rocha<\/p>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-abstract\">En este estudio se evalu\u00f3 la influencia de la relaci\u00f3n agua\/material cementante y la incorporaci\u00f3n de humo de s\u00edlice sobre la trabajabilidad, la resistencia a la compresi\u00f3n y las emisiones estimadas de CO\u2082 en pastas de cemento. Mediante modelado estad\u00edstico basado en metodolog\u00eda de superficie de respuesta, se identificaron proporciones \u00f3ptimas que permiten mejorar simult\u00e1neamente el desempe\u00f1o mec\u00e1nico y la eco-eficiencia del material.<\/p>\n    \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pes.2026.100232\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pub-card-button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n      \u2197 Ver Art\u00edculo (DOI)\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<style>\n  .pub-card-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; background-color: #e2e8f0; border-radius: 16px; padding: 30px; gap: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); border: none !important; outline: none !important; }\n  .pub-card-img { flex: 1 1 280px; max-width: 340px; }\n  .pub-card-img img { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); display: block; }\n  .pub-card-content { flex: 2 1 360px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; }\n  .pub-badge-tag { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; padding: 6px 16px; border-radius: 20px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.8px; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 14px; display: inline-block; }\n  .pub-card-title { font-size: 24px; color: #1e293b; margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.25; }\n  .pub-card-authors { font-size: 14.5px; color: #334155; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 14px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }\n  .pub-card-abstract { font-size: 15px; color: #475569; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0 0 22px 0; }\n  .pub-card-button { border: 2px solid #0b3c5d; background-color: transparent; color: #0b3c5d; padding: 10px 22px; border-radius: 30px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; transition: all 0.25s ease; }\n  .pub-card-button:hover { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; }\n  @media (max-width: 768px) { .pub-card-container { padding: 20px; gap: 20px; } .pub-card-img { max-width: 100%; } .pub-card-title { font-size: 20px; } }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"pub-card-container\">\n  <div class=\"pub-card-img\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/art2.png\" alt=\"Portada Utilization of Brick and Ceramic Tile Waste in Geopolymers\">\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"pub-card-content\">\n    <span class=\"pub-badge-tag\">MDPI MATERIALS PROCEEDINGS<\/span>\n    \n    <h2 class=\"pub-card-title\">Utilization of Brick and Ceramic Tile Waste in Geopolymers: A Preliminary Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties<\/h2>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-authors\">\ud83d\udc65 Jhojamn Franklin Arroyo Guzm\u00e1n, Victor Hugo Miranda Challapa, Camila Andrea Ramos Lima, Americo Dustin Monta\u00f1o Gonzales, Joaquin Humberto Aquino Rocha<\/p>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-abstract\">Este estudio investiga la viabilidad de utilizar residuos de ladrillo y baldosas cer\u00e1micas como precursores de aluminosilicato para la s\u00edntesis de geopol\u00edmeros. Los resultados confirman que una combinaci\u00f3n adecuada del tipo de precursor, dosis de activador alcalino y condiciones de curado permite formar geopol\u00edmeros con matrices m\u00e1s densas y mejores propiedades f\u00edsicas y mec\u00e1nicas, apoyando su potencial como alternativa sostenible para la construcci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n    \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/materproc2025026019\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pub-card-button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n      \u2197 Ver Art\u00edculo (DOI)\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<style>\n  .pub-card-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; background-color: #e2e8f0; border-radius: 16px; padding: 30px; gap: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); border: none !important; outline: none !important; }\n  .pub-card-img { flex: 1 1 280px; max-width: 340px; }\n  .pub-card-img img { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); display: block; }\n  .pub-card-content { flex: 2 1 360px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; }\n  .pub-badge-tag { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; padding: 6px 16px; border-radius: 20px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.8px; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 14px; display: inline-block; }\n  .pub-card-title { font-size: 24px; color: #1e293b; margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.25; }\n  .pub-card-authors { font-size: 14.5px; color: #334155; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 14px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }\n  .pub-card-abstract { font-size: 15px; color: #475569; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0 0 22px 0; }\n  .pub-card-button { border: 2px solid #0b3c5d; background-color: transparent; color: #0b3c5d; padding: 10px 22px; border-radius: 30px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; transition: all 0.25s ease; }\n  .pub-card-button:hover { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; }\n  @media (max-width: 768px) { .pub-card-container { padding: 20px; gap: 20px; } .pub-card-img { max-width: 100%; } .pub-card-title { font-size: 20px; } }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"pub-card-container\">\n  <div class=\"pub-card-img\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/art3.jpg\" alt=\"Portada Use of recycled plastic bottle caps\">\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"pub-card-content\">\n    <span class=\"pub-badge-tag\">CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS<\/span>\n    \n    <h2 class=\"pub-card-title\">Use of recycled plastic bottle caps (RPBC) as partial sand replacement in cement mortars: Mechanical and CO\u2082 emissions assessment<\/h2>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-authors\">\ud83d\udc65 Joaquin Humberto Aquino Rocha, Ruddy Solis, Jhonny Ticona Martinez, Joel Gerson Peredo Villarroel, Victor Hugo Miranda Challapa, Jahel Sarvia Ledezma Perez, Nah\u00fam Gamalier Cayo Chileno, Romildo Dias Toledo Filho<\/p>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-abstract\">Este estudio eval\u00faa el uso de tapas de botellas de pl\u00e1stico recicladas (RPBC) de polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE) como reemplazo parcial de la arena natural en morteros de cemento. Se analizaron sus propiedades mec\u00e1nicas, microestructurales y emisiones de CO\u2082. Los resultados indican que incorporar hasta un 25% de RPBC es t\u00e9cnica y ambientalmente viable, ofreciendo una opci\u00f3n sostenible para revalorizar residuos pl\u00e1sticos en la construcci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n    \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e05300\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pub-card-button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n      \u2197 Ver Art\u00edculo (DOI)\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<style>\n  .pub-card-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; background-color: #e2e8f0; border-radius: 16px; padding: 30px; gap: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); border: none !important; outline: none !important; }\n  .pub-card-img { flex: 1 1 280px; max-width: 340px; }\n  .pub-card-img img { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); display: block; }\n  .pub-card-content { flex: 2 1 360px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; }\n  .pub-badge-tag { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; padding: 6px 16px; border-radius: 20px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.8px; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 14px; display: inline-block; }\n  .pub-card-title { font-size: 24px; color: #1e293b; margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.25; }\n  .pub-card-authors { font-size: 14.5px; color: #334155; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 14px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }\n  .pub-card-abstract { font-size: 15px; color: #475569; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0 0 22px 0; }\n  .pub-card-button { border: 2px solid #0b3c5d; background-color: transparent; color: #0b3c5d; padding: 10px 22px; border-radius: 30px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; transition: all 0.25s ease; }\n  .pub-card-button:hover { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; }\n  @media (max-width: 768px) { .pub-card-container { padding: 20px; gap: 20px; } .pub-card-img { max-width: 100%; } .pub-card-title { font-size: 20px; } }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"pub-card-container\">\n  <div class=\"pub-card-img\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/art4.png\" alt=\"Portada Recycled and waste materials in construction in Bolivia\">\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"pub-card-content\">\n    <span class=\"pub-badge-tag\">JOURNAL OF BUILDING PATHOLOGY AND REHABILITATION<\/span>\n    \n    <h2 class=\"pub-card-title\">Recycled and waste materials in construction in Bolivia: a systematic literature review<\/h2>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-authors\">\ud83d\udc65 Hugo Nicolas Callao Corrales, Erick Alexander Torrez Real, Melissa Cindy Merino Llaves, Joel Gerson Peredo Villarroel, Joaquin Humberto Aquino Rocha<\/p>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-abstract\">La gesti\u00f3n de residuos s\u00f3lidos urbanos y de construcci\u00f3n representa un desaf\u00edo cr\u00edtico que agrava problemas ambientales, sociales y econ\u00f3micos. Este estudio presenta una revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica de la literatura sobre la integraci\u00f3n de materiales reciclados y de desecho en el sector de la construcci\u00f3n en Bolivia, destacando sus alternativas tecnol\u00f3gicas y de sostenibilidad.<\/p>\n    \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41024-025-00615-7\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pub-card-button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n      \u2197 Ver Art\u00edculo (DOI)\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<style>\n  .pub-card-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; background-color: #e2e8f0; border-radius: 16px; padding: 30px; gap: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); border: none !important; outline: none !important; }\n  .pub-card-img { flex: 1 1 280px; max-width: 340px; }\n  .pub-card-img img { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); display: block; }\n  .pub-card-content { flex: 2 1 360px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; align-items: flex-start; }\n  .pub-badge-tag { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; padding: 6px 16px; border-radius: 20px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.8px; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 14px; display: inline-block; }\n  .pub-card-title { font-size: 24px; color: #1e293b; margin: 0 0 12px 0; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.25; }\n  .pub-card-authors { font-size: 14.5px; color: #334155; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 14px 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }\n  .pub-card-abstract { font-size: 15px; color: #475569; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0 0 22px 0; }\n  .pub-card-button { border: 2px solid #0b3c5d; background-color: transparent; color: #0b3c5d; padding: 10px 22px; border-radius: 30px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; transition: all 0.25s ease; }\n  .pub-card-button:hover { background-color: #0b3c5d; color: #ffffff; }\n  @media (max-width: 768px) { .pub-card-container { padding: 20px; gap: 20px; } .pub-card-img { max-width: 100%; } .pub-card-title { font-size: 20px; } }\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"pub-card-container\">\n  <div class=\"pub-card-img\">\n    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/si-2.jpg\" alt=\"Portada Physical, mechanical, and durability properties of WPC\">\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"pub-card-content\">\n    <span class=\"pub-badge-tag\">Case Studies in Construction Materials<\/span>\n    \n    <h2 class=\"pub-card-title\">Physical, mechanical, and durability properties of wood\u2013plastic composites (WPC): A systematic literature review<\/h2>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-authors\">\ud83d\udc65 Alejandro Fernando Guzm\u00e1n Arias, Deymar Gonzalo Rojas Quispe, Azul Bethlem Coca Ayaviri, Josu\u00e9 Ivan Maldonado P\u00e9rez, Pablo Yhordan G\u00f3mez Ch\u00e1vez, Joaqu\u00edn Humberto Aquino Rocha<\/p>\n    \n    <p class=\"pub-card-abstract\">Los compuestos de madera y pl\u00e1stico (WPC) han surgido como una alternativa sostenible para aplicaciones en la industria de la construcci\u00f3n al combinar matrices polim\u00e9ricas con refuerzos lignocelul\u00f3sicos. Sin embargo, su rendimiento depende en gran medida de la compatibilidad interfacial, las proporciones de los componentes y las condiciones de procesamiento.<\/p>\n    \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cscm.2026.e06390\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"pub-card-button\" rel=\"noopener\">\n      \u2197 Ver Art\u00edculo (DOI)\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Art\u00edculos Cient\u00edficos Art\u00edculos cient\u00edficos publicados por los socios. ELSEVIER Effect of silica fume and water-to-binder ratio on workability, strength, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-261","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=261"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/261\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":589,"href":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/261\/revisions\/589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/secic.fcyt.umss.edu.bo\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}